809

61 See Robertson Smith, The Religion of the Semites, pp. 201—12, for a full 
account of the veneration of pillars among the early Semites.



810

62 Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar in March 
2002.



811

63 Browning, pp. 46—7.



812

64 Ibid., pp. 108, 210-11.



813

65 Personal communication between Andrew Collins and Ahmad Muammar in March 
2002.



814

66 Browning, p. 48.



815

67 Gunduz, «The Knowledge of Life», JSS 3 (1994), pp. 83, 118-19.



816

68 Ibid.,p. 154.



817

69 Ibid., p. 138.



818

70 Ibid., p. 154.



819

71 Rev. 17: 3–6. For the association between Venus and Babylon see Hislop, The 
Two Babylons, or the papal worship proved to be the worship of Nimrud and his 
wife, pp. 5–6. 72 Nielsen, p. 21.



820

73 Nielsen, p. 21.



821